Swimming against the tide: Comparative lessons from government efforts to prohibit private supplementary tutoring delivered by regular teachers

Abstract Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has become a global phenomenon. It range of providers, including commercial companies, university students desiring extra pocket money, and regular school teachers who provide tutoring sideline activity. This paper focuses on the last category. Governments are commonly ambivalent about existence may especially disapprove providing private in part because they fear that will neglect their main duties. With such matters mind, some governments have attempted to prohibit from tutoring. However, prohibitions difficult implement. analyses situations Korea, Mauritius, Kenya England order derive comparative lessons experience. demonstrates importance wider contextual factors alignment macro-level aspirations with micro-level perspectives families finding themselves increasingly competitive environments.